Indigenous Submarine Hai Kun Begins Live Torpedo Sea Trials, Defense Minister Confirms Progress

Taiwan's first indigenous defense submarine (IDS), the Hai Kun (海鯤號), has reportedly entered its most consequential phase of sea trials yet — live torpedo testing — marking a watershed moment for the island's ambitious submarine-building program. When pressed by reporters about reports that the vessel had put to sea for "combat exercises and live torpedo testing," Defense Minister Wellington Koo (顧立雄) offered a measured but unmistakably positive response: "Progress is being made, and we will make appropriate announcements when the timing is right."

The Hai Kun, officially launched in February 2024 at a ceremony presided over by then-President Tsai Ing-wen, represents the culmination of Taiwan's decades-long quest for an indigenous submarine capability. For years, Taiwan's submarine fleet consisted exclusively of two aging World War II-era vessels acquired from the United States. The IDS program aims to build eight submarines in total, with the Hai Kun serving as the prototype. Naval experts have noted that the ongoing seventh submergence test likely involves the launch of exercise torpedoes — unarmed training variants — to validate the vessel's combat systems and weapons integration.

The submarine program carries enormous strategic significance for Taiwan's defense posture. Submarines are widely regarded as one of the most effective asymmetric deterrents against a potential Chinese naval blockade or amphibious invasion, as they can operate undetected in the waters surrounding Taiwan and pose a credible threat to surface vessels. The Hai Kun is reported to be equipped with modern sonar systems, air-independent propulsion technology, and the capability to launch heavyweight torpedoes — though precise specifications remain classified.

The live-fire milestone comes amid reports that Taiwan's lease on the torpedo exercise system is approaching its expiration date, creating time pressure on the testing schedule. Defense analysts have also noted the broader geopolitical context: China has consistently opposed any foreign assistance to Taiwan's submarine program and has pressured countries to limit technology transfers. The Hai Kun's progress, therefore, is not just a technical achievement but a statement of Taiwan's determination to build self-reliant defense capabilities despite diplomatic isolation.